Under this category, soil stabilization depends mainly on chemical reactions between stabilizer cementitious material and soilminerals pozzolanic materials to achieve the desired effect. Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can due to difficulty in collecting the expansive soil, artificially form deep cracks in drier seasons. Expansive clay soils are extensively distributed worldwide, and are a source of great damage to infrastructure and buildings. Part i deals with theory and practice, and summarizes some of the theoretical physical properties of expansive soils.
The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to mh class of soil by uscs aline chart soil classification system. Characteristic expansive or swelling materials are highly plastic clays and clay shales that often contain colloidal clay minerals such as the montmorillonites. The polyvinyl alcohol pva and k 2 co 3 combination was proposed in this paper. Behaviour of expansive soils stabilized with hydrated lime and.
Nearly all types of transportation facilities have been affected by expansive soil behavior and, as a result, many have failed or are no longer serviceable. Stabilization of expansive soil by using agricultural waste ijeat. Index terms expansive soil, fly ash, bagasse ash, coir waste, lime. In the study the results are compared of potential of lime and burnt brick dust as stabilizing additive to expansive soil is evalua ted for the improving engineering properties of expansive soil. In this study, test specimens were prepared with expansive soil using a range of fly ash contents by dry weight of the soil at 0. Pdf stabilization of expansive soil with micro silica, lime. To learn about the different methods used in lime stabilization of expansive soils and how they work. O during the early part such as the use of xray diffraction.
To understand the problematic nature of expansive soils and the damages resulting from it. The lowest percentage of lime in soil that produces a laboratory ph of 12. The problematic soil is removed and replaced by a good quality material. Stabilization of expansive soil by lime and fly ash. Foundation materials that exhibit volume change from change in soil moisture are referred to as expansive or swelling clay soils. Great efforts have been spent on finding proper methods to stabilize expansive soils, but these stabilizers all had limitations. They have been called the hidden disaster in the construction world, and result in millions of dollars in ongoing treatment, and repair of homes, commercial structures, roads and underground infrastructure throughout the country each year. Calciumbased stabilizer materials csms exhibit pozzolanic properties which improve the properties of clayey soils by hydration, cation exchange, flocculation, pozzolanic reaction, and carbonation.
Stabilization can increase the shear strength of a soil thereby controlling the shrinkswell properties of a soil and, improving the load bearing capacity of a subgrade. The following steps were followed to stabilize austins clayey soil. Stabilization can be used to treat a wide range of subgrade materials from expansive clays to granular materials. Lime stabilization of expansive soils ut arlington uta. This manual presents guidance for selecting economical foundations on expansive soil to minimize.
In this study, stabilization of expansive soil has been carried out using lime. The natural expansive soil had the dry natural density of 1. Such soils are prepare the expansive soil in laboratory. Expansive soils pose the greatest hazard in regions with pronounced wet and dry seasons. Generally, soil stabilization is a method of improving soil properties by blending and mixing other materials. Soil stabilization is broadly used in connection with road, pavement and foundation construction. Stabilization of expansive soil of surat region using rice. Expansive soils and pi relationships degree percent swell approximate pi nonexpansive 2 or less 0 to 10. Geotechnical engineering properties of soft clayey soil deposits such as black cotton soil may need to be improved by stabilization to make such soils suitable for construction of road pavements. Limestabilized layer see arrow bridging an erosion failure illustrates strength. Dec 18, 2016 expansive soils and stabilization for remedial actions, treatment of soil with additives such as fly ash, iron oxide, calcium oxide, polymers, lime and cement are prescribed.
Chemical stabilization the application of additives into soil, that results in permanent physical and chemical alterations. Stabilization of expansive soil with polyvinyl alcohol and. Expansive soil, rice husk ash, sugarcane bagasse ash, compaction, cbr and ucs i. Other states including texas and colorado with problems related to expansive soils, have used lime stabilization. Expansive soils are found in every state and cover approximately onefifth of the land area. Extensive laboratory and field trials have been carried out by various researchers and have shown promising results for application of such expansive soil after stabilization with additives like cement, sand, silt, lime, fly ash, murrum, etc.
Soil exploration, material sampling, and soil classification soil exploration is vital, as it provides material for testing and also reveals conditions in underlying strata that can affect the performance of the pavement structure and treated. Testing specimens were determined and examined in chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits. The expansive soils used in this investigation were collected from queensland, australia. Pdf a study on stabilization of expansive soil by using.
Stabilization improves the workability and the durability of the soil. Emphasis will be placed on comparing polymerbased stabilization of expansive soils to conventional stabilization strategies. The more natural alternative is also the most costeffective. Midwest naturalpave was specifically created to take advantage of native soils. Expansive soil, stabilization of expansive soil and its methods, iron sludge. In developing countries like india, industrialization is rising rapidly, and also a great paucity of land is there, the demand for exploitation of industrial wastes which coming from industries is increasing.
Bagasse ash being free of cost and available locally, proves to be economical. Expansive soil stabilization using coconut shell powder and. Design procedures for soil modification or stabilization. Expansive soils and stabilization for remedial actions, treatment of soil with additives such as fly ash, iron oxide, calcium oxide, polymers, lime and cement are prescribed. Lime and fly ash were added to the expansive soil at 4%6% and 40%50% by dry weight of soil, respectively. The central idea of mechanical stabilization of expan sive clay soils is production of a soil or soil mass that a will not or cannot change in volume, b has sufficient strength to safely sustain the loads applied to it, or c causes no damage to transportation facilities as its volume changes. On the recent trends in expansive soil stabilization using. Soil stabilization is the alteration of one or more soil properties to improve the physical characteristics of soil that will exist. Stabilization of expansive soil using industrial solid waste improves the geotechnical properties like index properties, compaction properties, ucs, cbr, and swelling properties of expansive soil. Guidelines for modification and stabilization of soils and. Naturalpaves earthfriendly stabilization technology uses native soils rather than hauledin materials, eliminating the need to import costly base or aggregate materials to build a subbase for subsequent paving or chip sealing. Experiential investigation on the stabilization of.
Mixture design and testing procedures for lime stabilized soil october 2006 criteria. Where economically feasible, removing the potentially expansive soil and replacing it with a compacted fill of granular soils or nonexpansive materials is a simple solution. Expansive soils have great volume change potentials with water content changes, which is problematic to facilities. Foundations on expansive soils provides the practicing engineer with a summary of the stateoftheart of expansive soils and practical solutions based on the authors experience. Stabilization of expansive soils for use in construction. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. Review of industrial waste used in stabilization of.
Sometimes the term lime is used to describe agricultural lime which is generally finely ground limestone, a useful soil amendment but not chemically active enough to lead to soil stabilization. Introduction road surface or pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an area proposed to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. Introduction n expansive soil is any soil that is prone to large volume changes i. Lime stabilization of soils soil stabilization significantly changes the characteristics of a soil to produce longterm permanent strength and stability, particularly with respect to the action of water and frost figure 3. Introduction the wide spread of the expansive soil has posed challenges and difficulties in the construction. Stabilization of expansive soil by lime and fly ash springerlink. Expansive soils are problematic due to the performances of their clay mineral constituent, which makes them exhibit the shrinkswell characteristics. An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and admixed effects of lime and fly ash on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soi. Nowadays the constructions sites with good soils for foundations are fewer and fewer.
In order to avoid the previous mentioned risk from the expansive soil, a technique of soil stabilization should. The primary deliverable from the proposed project will be an assessment of expansive soil mitigation for transportation earthworks by polymer amendment. To determine the most effective amount of lime to stabilize an expansive soil. It is imperative that the damage caused by expansive soils be con trolled, and proper application of soil stabilization methods can significantly reduce the damage. Two types of expansive soils with different clay mineral compositions were collected from. Bagasse ash effectively dries wet soils and provides an initial rapid strength gain, which is useful during construction in wet. Expansive soil mitigation for transportation earthworks by.
Thus, the arid regions of the country are much more susceptible to damage from expansive soils than regions that maintain moist soil conditions throughout the year. Problems and practice in foundation and pavement engineering, authorjohn d. It is a wellknown fact that a construction is as strong as its foundations are. However, if the depth of the expansive soil is too great to allow removal and replacement, or treatment, it is suggested to bypass the zone of expansive soil with the help of drilled and under reamed. An experimental program was undertaken to study the individual and admixed effects of lime and fly ash on the geotechnical characteristics of expansive soil. Physical properties, such as strength and bearing capacity are enhanced, while expansivity and plasticity are reduced.
Natural hazards cause billions of dollars of damage to transportation facilities each yearonly flooding causes more damage than expansive soils. Determine atterberg limits in accordance with astm d4318 figure 4a and classify the soil using uscs method. Expansive soil stabilization using plastic fiber waste. We refer specifically to the prevalence of soil index tests such as the very well known atterberg limits tests and grain size analyses to provide initial indication of expansive potential. Soil stabilisation soil stabilizationsoil stabilization the improvement process under the situation when the influence zone is limited to less than 1m roads etc.
Expansive soil stabilization using coconut shell powder and lime written by athira t, ashish johnson, sowmya v krishnankutty published on 20170330 download full article with reference data and citations. Stabilization of expansive soils using flyash and murrum. In this research, an alternative stabilizer termed as liquid ionic soil stabilizer. In monsoon they imbibe water and swell and in summer they shrink on evaporation of water from there.
The stabilization of austins expansive soil involved several tests and took approximately four and a half weeks to finish. Improvements include increasing the dry unit weight, bearing capabilities, volume changes, the performance of in situ subsoils, sands, and other waste materials in order to strengthen road surfaces and other geotechnical applications. Modification and stabilization of soils 23 txdot 092005 section 2 step 1. Traditional soil stabilizers like lime, flyash, cement, rice husk ash etc. A study on stabilization of expansive soil by using. Stabilization is needed for research soil to reduce the expensive potential.
Soil stabilization is the application or treatment of soil by mechanical methods or addition of modifier cement, lime, bitumen etc. Extensive laboratory field trials have been carried out by various researchers and have shown promising results for application of such expansive soil after stabilization with additives such as. Expansive soil, soil stabilization, swelling potential, waste limestone dust, waste dolomitic marble dust. Experiential investigation on the stabilization of expansive. The main advantage of chemical stabilization is that setting time and curing time can be. In the past, gravel road surfaces, cobblestone and granite setts were used, but these. Soil stabilization is a process to treat a soil to maintain, alter or improve the performance of soil. Stabilization of such soils has been traditionally. Expansive soil can also be stabilized by using waste. Calcium chloride is a hygroscopic material and hence, is preeminently suited for stabilization of expansive soils, because it absorbs water from the atmosphere and prevents shrinkage cracks occurring in expansive soils during summer. Expansive index test is described in astm d 4829, standard test method for expansion index of soils. Soil stabilization method by using waste product bagasse ash successfully improves the existing poor and expansive black cotton soil.
If the expansive soil is distributed in relative small area then it is more economical to remove and replace it with non expansive soil rather than adding additives. Lime treated soil construction manual lime stabilization. The soil properties, compaction, california bearing ratio cbr and direct shear test were used to gauge the behavior and performance of the stabilized soil. The stabilization of expansive soils by the use of additives such as lime, fly ash or cement is well documented du et al. The annual cycle of wetting and drying causes soils to shrink and swell each year. Lime increases the optimum water content for compaction, which is an advantage when dealing with wet soil and also increases the strength of clayey soil. In chemical stabilization soil is stabilized by adding different chemicals. In this test, a soil specimen is compacted into a metal ring so that the degree of saturation is between 40% and 60%. In this study, test specimens were prepared with expansive soil using a range of fly ash contents by. Miller, year1992 site characterization identification and classification of expansive soils heave prediction design alternatives. However, complete solutions for some expansive soil problems are not yet available.